By Cornelia Postma
When it comes to birth control, the choices can feel overwhelming. Understanding the various options available can help you make an informed decision that aligns with your health, lifestyle, and future plans. Let’s dive into the types of birth control and what you need to know about each one.
Hormonal Birth Control
Hormonal methods work by altering your body’s natural hormonal cycles to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, or thin the uterine lining.
- The Pill: Taken daily, the combination pill contains estrogen and progestin, while the mini-pill contains only progestin. Effectiveness: Around 91% with typical use.
- The Patch: A weekly patch applied to the skin that releases hormones. Effectiveness: Around 91% with typical use.
- The Ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina monthly. Effectiveness: Around 91% with typical use.
- The Shot: An injection given every three months. Effectiveness: Around 94% with typical use.
- Implants: A small rod inserted under the skin that releases progestin over several years. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
IUDs are small devices placed in the uterus by a healthcare provider. They can be hormonal or non-hormonal (copper).
- Hormonal IUDs: Release progestin to prevent pregnancy. Lasts 3-7 years depending on the brand. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
- Copper IUDs: Non-hormonal and prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg. Lasts up to 10 years. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg.
- Condoms: Available for both men and women, they also protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Effectiveness: Around 85% with typical use.
- Diaphragms: Dome-shaped devices inserted into the vagina before sex. Used with spermicide. Effectiveness: Around 88% with typical use.
- Spermicides: Chemicals that kill sperm, often used with other barrier methods. Effectiveness: Around 72% with typical use.
Natural Methods
Natural methods involve tracking your menstrual cycle to avoid sex on fertile days.
- Fertility Awareness: Requires monitoring ovulation signs such as basal body temperature and cervical mucus. Effectiveness: Around 76% with typical use.
- Withdrawal (Pull-Out Method): Requires the male partner to withdraw before ejaculation. Effectiveness: Around 78%.
Permanent Methods
Permanent methods are for those who are certain they don’t want children in the future.
- Tubal Ligation: A surgical procedure to block or cut the fallopian tubes. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
- Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for men that cuts or seals the vas deferens. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
Read more about tying your tubes
Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception is used after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.
- Morning-After Pill: Effective up to 5 days after unprotected sex but works best the sooner it is taken.
- Copper IUD: Can be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days. Effectiveness: Over 99%.
Read more about abortions in South Africa
Managing Birth Control Side Effects
Hormonal contraception may cause side effects, though they usually improve within three months. Common side effects include:
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Mood swings
- Weight gain
- Sore breasts
- Acne
- Changes in menstrual cycles
How to Manage Side Effects:
- Give it time: Many side effects lessen after a few months as your body adjusts.
- Track symptoms: Keeping a record can help identify patterns and determine if a change is needed.
- Stay hydrated and eat well: Good nutrition and hydration can ease symptoms like bloating and nausea.
- Consult your healthcare provider: If side effects are persistent or bothersome, switching to another method may be the best option.
Factors to Consider
When choosing a birth control method, consider:
- Effectiveness: How well does it prevent pregnancy?
- Convenience: Does it fit your lifestyle and daily routine?
- Health Conditions: Some methods may not be suitable if you have certain medical conditions.
- STI Protection: Only condoms offer protection against STIs.
Read more about recognising the signs of STI’s
Consulting a Healthcare Provider
A healthcare provider can help you weigh the pros and cons of each method based on your health history and goals. Regular check-ins ensure your chosen method remains the best fit for you.
The Bottom Line
Birth control is deeply personal, and what works for one person might not be ideal for another. Armed with the right information, you can confidently choose a method that supports your life and wellness. For more information, consult reliable sources and speak with your healthcare provider.
About Zoie Health
Zoie Health is at the forefront of women’s wellness, offering quality, affordable, and accessible supplements tailored to the unique health needs of women. With a focus on synergy, Zoie Health’s products are designed to work together, providing your body with the comprehensive support it needs to thrive. With our online Zoie Shop and Pharmacy, our unique virtual consultations, and vast communities of women, we strive to provide good quality healthcare to underserved populations.
Sources:
WHO, John Hopkins Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Planned Parenthood, Willow OBGYN, NHS UK, Pandia Health
